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Girl Guides and Girl Scouts are movements similar to Scouting originally, and still largely, for girls and women only. It evolved in 1909 from girls wishing to take part in the boy-only Scout movement. In different places around the world, the movement developed in diverse ways. In some places, girls attempted to join Scouting organisations and it was decided that single-gender organisations were a better solution.〔http://www.girlguiding.org.uk/about_us/key_information/history.aspx〕 In other places, girls' groups were started, some of them later to open up to boys or merge with boys' organisations. In other instances, mixed groups were formed, sometimes to later split. In the same way, the name Girl Guide or Girl Scout has been used by groups at different times and in different places, with some groups changing from one to another. In 1909 Lord Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, when faced with an increasing number of girls wishing to take part in Scouting decided that girls should have their own separate movement, and the Girl Guides were founded in the UK in 1910.〔http://www.wagggsworld.org/en/about/guiding/guidinghistory〕 Many, though by no means all, Girl Guide and Girl Scout groups across the globe trace their roots to this point. Agnes Baden-Powell, the Baron's sister, was in charge of Girl Guiding in UK in its early years.〔http://www.girlguides.ca/our_history〕 Other influential people were Juliette Gordon Low, founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA, Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska in Poland and Antoinette Butte in France. The name "Guides" was taken from a famous frontier regiment in the British Indian army, the Corps of Guides, which was noted for its skills in tracking and survival.〔http://www.girlguiding100years.org.uk/chief_guides_welcome/history_of_guiding.aspx〕 There has been much discussion about how similar Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting should be to boys' Scouting programs. While many girls saw what the boys were doing and wanted to do it too, girls' organizations have sought to avoid simply copying or mimicking the boys. Julie Bentley, appointed chief executive of the United Kingdom Girl Guides in 2012 and head of the Family Planning Association since 2007, described the Girl Guides in an interview with The Times as "the ultimate feminist organisation." Even when most Scout organisations became mixed-sex, Guiding remained separate in most countries to provide a female-centred programme. Internationally it is governed by the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) with member organisations in 145 countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Membership )〕 WAGGGS celebrated the centenary of the international Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting Movement over three years, from 2010 to 2012. ==History== Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell was a famous soldier who fought in the Second Anglo-Boer War in South Africa (1899–1902). During the Siege of Mafeking, when the town and British soldiers were besieged by Boer soldiers, Baden-Powell noticed how young boys made themselves useful by carrying messages for the soldiers. When he came home, he decided to put his Scouting ideas into practice to see if they would work for young boys, and took 21 boys camping on Brownsea Island, near Poole in Dorset. The camp was a success, and Baden-Powell wrote the book ''Scouting for Boys'', which covered tracking, signalling, cooking, etc. Soon boys began to organise themselves into Patrols and Troops and called themselves "Boy Scouts". Girls bought the book as well and formed themselves into Patrols of Girl Scouts. In 1909 there was a Boy Scout Rally at Crystal Palace in London. In those days, for girls to camp and hike was not common, as this excerpt from the Scout newspaper shows: "If a girl is not allowed to run, or even hurry, to swim, ride a bike, or raise her arms above her head, how can she become a Scout?"〔Scout Headquarters Gazette 1909〕 Among the thousands of Boy Scouts at the rally was a group of girls from Pinkneys Green. They asked Baden-Powell to let girls be Scouts, and he decided to take action. The Corps of Guides was a regiment of the Indian Army that served on the northwest frontier of India. Baden-Powell persuaded the girl scouts that "Guides" was a very special name of which they could be proud, so in 1910 the Girl Guides began. The first Guide Company was 1st Pinkneys Green Guides (Miss Baden-Powell's Own), who still exist in Pinkneys Green, Maidenhead, Berkshire.〔(1st Pinkneys Green Guides )〕 There are now millions of Guides worldwide. The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) was formed to link them together. In some countries, the girls preferred to call themselves ‘Girl Scouts’.〔''The Guide Handbook'', London: The Guide Association, 1996〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Girl Guides」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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